Contentbased theories contentbased theories of motivation based on identification of the internal motives that make people act in a certain way. Process theories of motivation how personal needs drive. We have appreciated earlier the importance of motivation in determining human behaviour. Put simply, this is all about how peoples needs influence and drive their behaviour. Earlier, it was discussed that theories of motivation, dealing with content, seek to find what it is that. Within the work environment they have had the greatest impact on management practice and policy, whilst within academic circles they are the least accepted. A qualitative approach and theory based application were considered for this study. A classic taxonomy of motivation theories is to group them into two main sets. Vrooms study in the process motivation theories, highlight conscious choices, i. Whereas the content theories concentrate on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the issues relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as factors that determine the degree of effort, the continuation of effort, the modification of effort, etc. In a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories.
Pdf motivation theories have been classified into process theory and. Processbased theories of motivation lumen learning. Expectancy theory is a theory first developed by victor vroom in 1964 and later developed by. The use of both content and process theories must be put into practice to motivate employees effectively. Instead, process based theories view motivation as a rational process. Process related theories explain how motivation evolves and is. Mar 11, 2016 process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory argues that the behaviour that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated. The content theories find the answer to what motivates an individual and is concerned with individual needs and wants. Two such theories are expectancy theory and equity theory. However, leaders and administrators in the public sector.
There are four predominant process theories that include reinforcement, expectancy, equity and goal setting. These theories are related to the studies of human needs and mechanism of their influence on the process of motivation. In this case the needs mean physiological or psychological sense of lack. M otivation theories can be divided into three categories. Motivation process is universal, all people are motivated to pursue goals they value. And in the end, it ensures the betterment of the overall economic condition of a county. The most stable and therefore the healthiest selfesteem is based on respect from others.
Jul 09, 2017 the process theories mainly imply that individual choices are based on preferences, reward factors and sense of accomplishment. Theories of motivation content and process theories the distinction between. In essence, these theories examine how a persons needs will affect his behavior in order to achieve a goal related to those needs. Content and process theories of motivation pdf free download. The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. Needs can keep changing based on peoples experiences and other factors. Equity theory is based on perception, and its relationship to process motivational theories is how leaders and administrators must monitor this perception. The content theories of motivation in a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories. The content theories deal with what motivates people, whereas the process theories deal with, how motivation occurs.
Process theories of motivation stars university of. We will use here a modified version of this classification. In general, process based theories take the mental processes of employees into account as a way to understand their motivation. The theory says motivation depends on a comparison to others, called a referent. They are the process theories and the content theories. The main difference between content and process theories is that content theory focuses on individual needs, while process theory focuses on behavior. Doc theories of motivation content and process theories the.
Simply stated, employees have needs, and process theories seek to deliver these. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. These different cognitive theories of motivation are usually divided into two contrasting approaches1. Although reinforcement theory is treated in organizational behavior textbooks as a process theory, we cannot regard it as such.
They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. Management concepts and organisational behaviour module. Therefore, the managers should understand the process of motivation. We can also have process theories, which are concerned with the thought processes that influence our behaviour. There is no universally accepted theory of motivation. The content and process theories of motivation provide human resource managers with the basic understanding of personal needs deficiencies, and how these needs can be transformed into motivated behavior. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. In this chapter, content and process related theories of work motivation are described and discussed. What is the difference between the content and process. The works of skinner are cited most often in connection with the reinforcement theory.
Individuals analyze their environment, develop thoughts and feelings, and react in certain ways. Earlier, it was discussed that theories of motivation, dealing with content, seek to find. Content and process theories of motivation quizlet. Equity theory is based on perception, and its relationship. These theories provide insight into what motivates people to act a certain way in a particular setting and are popular in business management. Based on content theory that emphasize on factors and needs that encourage and inspire employees behaviour as well as performance. The sources of motivation can vary between individuals and not the same factor drives. Essay on content and process theories of motivation 4 words.
Process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory argues that the behaviour that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated. In contrast to the need based theories we have covered so far, process based theories view motivation as a rational process. Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives. We can distinguish between contentand processmotivation theories. Reinforcement theory is based on several principles of operant conditioning.
Pdf as we know motivation is a mechanism which ultimately influences people to act in a desired way. Process theories of motivation are about a cognitive rational process and concentrate on the psychological and behavioural processes that motivate an individual. The distinction between content and process theories. The process theories mainly imply that individual choices are based on preferences, reward factors and sense of accomplishment. Difference between content theory and process theory.
Theories of motivation and their application in organizations. Motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Reinforcement theory is based on operant conditioning, and. The psychological and behavioral processes that motivate a person to act in a particular way are referred to as process theories of motivation. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized.
The distinction between content and process theories notesmatic. Motivation can change the profit figure of the or ganization such as its improving produc tivity. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that. Start studying content and process theories of motivation. According to this theory motivation of any individual depends on the desired goal and strength of his expectation of achieving. Thus, theories of motivation can be broadly classified as. Process theories of motivation written by marla rosen thursday, 05 may 2011 10.
Process theories attempt to identify the relationship among the dynamic variables, which make up motivation. Based on these aspects, there are three types of theories of motivation. Processbased theories introduction to business deprecated. Individuals analyze their environment, develop reactions and feelings, and respond in certain predictable ways. Process theories attempt to explain the thought processes of individuals who demonstrate motivated behavior. Content theories of motivation also referred to as needs theories focus on the needs that motivate behavior. Content theories of motivation are one of the types of motivation theory. A process theory is a system of ideas that explains how an entity changes and develops. Early theories of motivation the 1950s were a fruitful period in the development of motivation concepts. Pdf comparison of process theories to content theories in.
Content theories deal with what motivates people and it is concerned with. Contentprocess theories of motivation variety of workplace motivation theories are classified as either process theory or content theory campbell et. Essay about process and content theory of motivation and how. The employee compares his input and output to colleagues, someone at another. Values are incentives or reasons for engaging in an activity. Jan 16, 2018 motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives. Motivation is the result of the interaction between an individual and a situation. Process theories are often contrasted with variance theories, that is, systems of ideas that explain the variance in a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. Process theories are concerned with the thought processes that influence behaviour. In the field of organizational behavioral studies, there are two different categories called content theories also known as need theory and process theories. Individuals analyze their environment, develop reactions and feelings, and react in certain ways. So motivation is one of the vital factors for development of an or ganization. Oct 26, 2014 content theory vs process theory difference between content theory and process theory is that, content theory emphasizes on the reasons for changing the human needs frequently while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect motivation, with regard to the expectations, goals, and perceptions of equity.
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